When comparing patients with baseline natremia ≥140 mEq/L ( n = 185) to patients with natremia <140 mEq/L ( n = 132), the PFS was 15 vs. Results: Of the 368 patients, 317 were included in the analysis, 73.1% were men, and the median age was 67 years (range 36–89). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were applied to evaluate the prognostic factors for PFS and OS. PFS and OS were estimated through the Kaplan–Meier method, and differences between groups were examined by the log-rank test. Subsequently, we analyzed the impact of sodium levels on response rate (RR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). The remaining patients were subdivided into two groups according to the median sodium value: natremia patients with <140 mEq/L ( n = 132) and baseline natremia patients with ≥140 mEq/L ( n = 185). We collected natremia levels at baseline and first evaluation after treatment excluding patients with sodium levels outside the normal range (145 mEq/L). Materials and methods: For this retrospective study, the clinical and biochemical data of patients treated with first-line TKIs for mRCC were available from seven Italian cancer centers. Herein, we investigate the influence of normonatremia in mRCC patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). 12Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italyīackground: Although serum sodium concentration, particularly hyponatremia, has been shown to be a prognostic marker of survival in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), the impact of normal sodium levels has not been investigated.11Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Onco-Hematology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy.10Medical Oncology Unit 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy.9Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy.8Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.7Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy.6Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.5Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.4Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.3Oncology Unit 1, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Padua, Italy.2Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy.1Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.Treatment for hyponatremia may include fluid and electrolyte replacement, medication adjustments, and addressing the underlying cause.Giandomenico Roviello 1*, Martina Catalano 1, Ugo De Giorgi 2, Marco Maruzzo 3, Sebastiano Buti 4,5, Elisabetta Gambale 6, Giuseppe Procopio 7, Carlotta Ottanelli 1, Enrico Caliman 6,8, Luca Isella 4, Pierangela Sepe 7, Nicole Brighi 2, Matteo Santoni 9, Luca Galli 10, Raffaele Conca 11, Laura Doni 12 and Lorenzo Antonuzzo 5,8 Symptoms of hyponatremia can include headache, nausea, confusion, seizures, and coma. This can be caused by a number of factors, including excessive fluid intake, medications that affect electrolyte balance, and certain medical conditions such as kidney disease or heart failure. Hyponatremia: Hyponatremia occurs when the level of sodium in the blood is too low, typically below 135 mEq/L.Treatment for hypernatremia may include fluid and electrolyte replacement and addressing the underlying cause. Symptoms of hypernatremia can include thirst, restlessness, confusion, seizures, and coma. This can be caused by a number of factors, including excessive sodium intake, dehydration, and certain medical conditions such as diabetes insipidus. Hypernatremia: Hypernatremia occurs when the level of sodium in the blood is too high, typically above 145 mEq/L.The two main types of abnormal sodium levels are hypernatremia and hyponatremia. Abnormal sodium levels in the blood can be caused by a number of factors, including dehydration, medication use, hormonal imbalances, and certain medical conditions.
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